Oil Refinering Using Linear Programming

INTRODUCTION My topic is oil refinering using linear programming, this is under petrochemical industries which mean it will deal more about chemicals, this is about optimising the cost using a modelling method in mathematics called linear programming. This is very important because it links what is done in petrochemical industries with mathematics.Since there is a huge need of the products that are produced after petroleum refinering which are petrol, gasoline, oil, diesel and etc so in the near future refiners and government will have to make decision to increase local refinering capacity or upgrade and expand the existing refineries(  (SAPIA) executive director  Avhapfani Tshifularo said so. Currently South Africa is unable to produce sufficient fuel so at forces it to import refined products. we can describe oil refinering as an industrial process plant where crude oil is processed and refined into more useful products which are petroleum naphtha, gasoline diesel fuel etc. rud e oil that is processed can be defined as a natural occurring flammable liquid which consist of mixture of hydrocarbons of different molecular weight and other liquid organic compounds. In the oil refinering, different products are made and are said to be bases or components, which are alkalyte, platform ate, penexate and COD gasoline, these products are stored in tanks. These are the main products we have in refinering . the reason for blending the components is to minimise cost.Since the type of product that is needed by the market is RON 95 when blending or mixing these components an octane booster must also be included. This is called gasoline blending which can be described as a fuel that is derived from petroleum crude oil; it is also blended or mixed with different hydrocarbons which are estimated to be about 200. When blending the components we are trying to minimize the cost, because we take very expensive components which are alkylate and platform ate and mix with cheap co mponents like penoxate and COD gasoline.Linear programming is a reliable method in solving such problems; it is a very good technique in minimising the cost. When maximising the sale revenues we use linear model, 1 of the mathematical tool. We have to consider the availability of the components, their physical properties and the products needed by the market which is RON 95. The purpose of gasoline blending is to optimise the generation of valuable products such as gasoline wich I mentioned above and even to satisfy the demand for the market.

My Favourite Writer

My Favorite Writer Robert Lynn Asprin, living in New Orleans, was born in 1946. He grew up in campus Ann-Arbor, in environment of book shops, museums and libraries. Since childhood he has got used to appreciate a variety in everything, study at Michigan University and services in army during the Vietnamese war have only strengthened this habit. Definitively Asprin’s outlook as a writer was generated 12 years which he has worked in accounts department of small firm – one of the American branches of corporation â€Å"Copier†. Interests and hobbies of the author are extremely various – from fencing and music to fishing and sewing.By own recognition of the writer whom he only was not – the teacher of fencing, the Mongolian commander, the bookkeeper etc. Asprin begins from science fiction novels – more precisely, from science fiction action, sound, but quite traditional, like â€Å"Cold War of Money† (1977), his popularity was brought to hi m by cycle of novels â€Å"World of thieves†; he is till now the editor-in-chief of this cycle together with his wife Lynn Ebby. Since â€Å"the World of thieves† Asprin becomes that Asprin which is read by millions, – the magnificent master of a comic science fiction and fantasy.After â€Å"The World of thieves† have followed â€Å"Ful’s Company† and well-known â€Å"Mythical Cycle†. In my opinion â€Å"Mythical Cycle† is so good that you can read it in one breath. However if in â€Å"Myth† except humor would be nothing, he wouldn’t receive that popularity what deservedly uses. Asprin’s books are distinguished by that, that you can see our daily life. Asprin’s heroes are real as we and relations between them are not less real, that certainly is a sign of the big literature. They love each other, scoff one at another, support and reject as well as we.

[Ethics and Criminal Punishment] Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

[Ethics and Criminal Punishment] - Assignment Example tudied that the reason behind retentionists claim regarding capital punishment is that they believe that by banning it, more and more welfare can be increased within the society by large (Rosner, 2003). However, on the other hand, the abolitionist considers that there is an avid need of strict measures to be taken against the criminals because the rising percentage of corruption and crime in any society of the world is alarming. It is actually going to result in international criminal context. Therefore, it is easier to note that both the school of thoughts is majorly different from each other on the basis of the ethical systems that they follow (MacKinnon & Fiala, 2015). I would provide an agreement with the thoughts that have been well crafted in the post of my classmate. The aspect of re-integrative and integrative shaming remains very critical tool that has been used in the crime and justice department. Its significance has been well evaluated in the post as it is a theoretical body of

English Speech Act Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

English Speech Act - Research Paper Example People interact differently and forms of communication vary greatly on what is under discussion. One form of speech act is apologizing. The situation of apologizing is necessary when the speaker’s actions infringes social norms. When an utterance or practice has led to an offense, the accused should apologize. As a result, we handle two groups: an apologizer and on the other hand the recipient of apology. However, the act is based on if the individual who created the transgression admits and apologizes. The practice of apologizing needs an utterance or action that is supposed to put things in the right place. Whether a given discourse conditions calls for an apology and if a given utterance succeeds as such an apology will be based on either social-cultural or linguistic norms. Teaching speech acts allows EFL learners to be mindful of the sociolinguistic pacts of language application and cultural variances that make up the suitable fix in English in contrary to their initial s ocio-linguistic structures. Olshtain and Cohen (1991) in respect to language competency stated the way we narrate an incident that also emphasizes the significance of mastering language and presenting the right thing at the right moment is critical in speech act. In some instance, people may use or say something that can cause embarrassment to others. For example, while serving tea one may say â€Å"more tea please† to Americans, the utterance of the word â€Å"tea please!† is interpreted as a request while not an offer. One may have mastered grammar principles, but just mastering the rules, though crucial, is not adequate for effective communication. The fundamental question for consideration on this is is speech acts haphazardly extracted in the stage of second language acquisition or must they been logically taught? Ellis (1992), Olshtain and Cohen (1991), and King and Silver (1993) have debated that training speech acts to foreign students has

Same sex marriage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Same sex marriage - Essay Example Compare and contrast: Both the same-sex marriage and traditional marriage support the concept of marriage, i.e. the contract between partners. To be specific, same-sex marriages never deny the scope of family in personal life. At the same time, family is the backbone of traditional marriages. One can see that the proponents of same-sex marriage consider that the concept of family can provide legal consent and acceptance in the society. David E. Newton states that, â€Å"The question raised by advocates of same-sex marriage is whether a state can constitutionally refuse to issue a marriage license to two individuals of the same sex† (62). Besides, those who accept same-sex marriage claim that all the rights that are enjoyed by the partners within traditional marriages must be allowed to the partners (say, same-sex). One can see that social recognition is important within the context of married life, and those who are in favor of same-sex marriage or traditional marriage are rea dy to accept the same without any argument. So, the supporters of same-sex marriage and traditional marriage are aware of the importance of family, legal consent, and social acceptance. One can see that most of the marriages (say, traditional) are related to religious belief, morality, and legal/ constitutional support. All the world religions support traditional form of marriage because the same is a contract based upon belief. Besides, the moral side of traditional marriage is related to certain limitations on individuals. At the same time, traditional marriages help to gain legal/constitutional support in the society. On the other side, the proponents of same-sex marriages consider the same as a deviation in sexual interest. They never accept the intrusion of religion into the context of marriage. Instead, they consider that religious belief and marriage are different and individuals must be allowed to lead lives according to their personal interest. If individuals are interested in same-sex marriages, they must be allowed to do so. Peter Strandby states that, â€Å"Finally, gay activists’ claims to full citizenship through equal access to marriage, is denied based on a religious set of beliefs, that homosexuality is morally wrong and that same-sex marriage would threaten existing individual liberties such as freedom of religion and expression† (21). Besides, the supporters of same-sex marriages declare that the society must show readiness to provide legal sanction to same-sex marriages. So, same-sex marriage is symbolic of liberal approach towards sexual orientation. Evaluation: From a different angle of view, the modern world needs to accept that individuals are different in interest, taste, and opinion. Within this scenario, one cannot prove that traditional marriages successfully lead the partners towards individual freedom and happiness. If one is interested in same-sex marriage, one must be allowed to take independent decisions related t o one’s sexual interest. Evan Gerstmann states that, â€Å"In fact, one of the theories that advocates of same-sex marriage advance most ardently is that the heterosexual marriage monopoly is a form of gender discrimination and, therefore, is subject to intermediate scrutiny†

Trap-Ease America Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Trap-Ease America - Case Study Example The struggle was proven to be worthy, because it attracted the attention of the people, especially of those in electronic media (my marketing lab). The second issue pointed out is caused by the slow sale rate of the product, which is endorsed on such large scale. The reason of this dilemma is the new design of the product, which customers are not willing to accept readily. Another problem is caused by the unwillingness of retailers to give the product appropriate shelf space, because of their commitment to other old fashioned brands. Also Martha is not able to maintain the prospering relations with large store chains, due to their unrealistic demands. The final challenge is the increasing intolerance of investors regarding receiving a return on their investment (my marketing lab). The fundamental cause of all the issues described, is the unwillingness of customers to accept the new product. The target market for this innovative item primarily consisted housewives, who do not have time to view the electronic media to get the message about a new product, which Trap Ease brought to the market. All of these reasons interact with each other, to cause the downturn in the demand of the product. On the other hand the pressure from investors is causing Martha to find a solution quickly to calm their nerves. But the strategy of the company is not proving to be beneficial (my marketing lab). The company could send the sales force to the homes of the potential customers to demonstrate the usefulness of this product. With the help of this strategy the company could get the feedback from the people about their perception of the product, which will indeed help Martha in understanding the flaws of the product. This method will also assist the company to further modify the product design to improve its performance. Ease Trap can also introduce the marketing strategy emphasizing on the features of the product, which provide safety to the

How can cities become more sustainable Compare and contrast cities in Essay - 1

How can cities become more sustainable Compare and contrast cities in the developed world and cities in the developing world - Essay Example Most of these cities had less than one million population in the beginning of 19th century; that surpassed to more than 10 millions in subsequent periods causing great distress on resources of water, clean air, energy. Situation in some of the cities in developing countries such as Shanghai, Mumbai or Sao Paulo is different. The density of these urban centers is more than double of that seen in the London or New York. All these cities are growing at the rate of 2 to 6 percent per annum and likely to cause further stress on the resources and derail the ecosystem. If this continues, the sustainability of the cities is in jeopardy unless some new ways are found. Cities in the Developed World London, Paris, California, New York all have become the huge unrestrained consumption centers of cheap energy and profligate material supplies that has caused ecological imbalances in those countries. As mentioned by Rees, William (2009) in Scientific American in its March issue, â€Å"Politicians and planners have shaped cities with no regard for resource use or ecological concerns. Over the years building and infrastructure have consumed more than 40 percent of material and a third of energy.† He warns that all this must end. ... Rees is of the opinion that sprawling land areas for living increase the energy need by way of unnecessary transportation for work and shopping. Reliance on automobiles and cars should be reduced by providing path ways for cycling, and walking. Public transport system should be made efficient to avoid the use of personal vehicles. Recycling of used materials is a necessity and that should be done to lessen the use of fresh material so that natural resources can be conserved for a longer period of time. Cogeneration of electricity and waste heat recovery is need of a day to reduce per capita consumption of fresh energy. Energy efficiency and renewable energy are the good propositions but the big question is that city like San Francisco releases 78 percent of its greenhouse gases from the cars and transportation and only 17 percent from buildings and this is true for all major cities of North America. The solution essentially lies at using mass transit system and eliminating the use of personal vehicles as much as possible. Personal vehicle density in most of the US cities is so high that this is a single most cause of green house gases across all major US and cities of Europe. And solution lies in reducing or eliminating the use of these personal vehicles that can help reduce the green house emissions drastically and put the eco system in balance. Cities of Developing World In contrast to the cities of developed economies, there are cities of developing countries such as Sao Paulo, Shanghai, and Mumbai, where issues are, more than green house gases, inadequate availability of potable water, absence of proper sanitation facilities to slum dwellers, and cleanliness. More than one million people is said to have been living in slum area within

Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Annotated Bibliography Example The information on absenteeism from the book would be useful and instrumental in the current research. Eggert, M.A. (2004). Controlling Absenteeism. Management Pocketbooks Ltd., U.K. Discussed theoretical background of absenteeism in terms of provisions of definitions, costs and measurement; identified causes; legal bits; and absence control. The author has provided a concise structural presentation on the most relevant issues confounding absenteeism with a discussion of legal matters most useful for the present study. Written with a backdrop of humor included, interspersed with comic illustrations, the book is an interesting reading and informative source that will definitely be expedient for the researcher. Fulton, K. & Mudley, E. (2008). Dealing with absenteeism in the work place. Retrieved 21 May 2011. Presented appropriate means of dealing with absenteeism with reference to Labour Relations Act (LRA) that rationalizes and find legal grounds linking absenteeism to a form of misconduct or incapacity. The authors provided a brief and concisely structured discourse finding legal grounds for employers, including accurate and explicit policies as incorporated in the organization’s code of discipline. The article, despite its brevity, contains crucial information in terms of legal justifications for providing appropriate sanctions for absenteeism in the work place. This should definitely be used in the current research.... Employee Absenteeism. Retrieved 21 May 2011. Proffered diverse issues on employee absenteeism including reasons, measuring level of absenteeism, suggested steps to minimize the incidence of absenteeism, to evaluate the working conditions to influence the dilemma, and determine motivational factors to preclude absenteeism in the workplace. The study focused on the actual experience in Go Go International Pvt. Ltd. Hassan, a garments manufacturing company, to examine the abovementioned issues and concerns. The methodology, participants, and findings are all relevant for the current research. The study is comprehensive and detailed as it provided an objective and structured approach to address issues confounding absenteeism in the organizational setting. This is definitely a useful and viable source of information for the proposed research. Mitra, S. (2008). â€Å"Managing Absenteeism and Presenteeism in the Workplace.† American Institute of CPAs. Retrieved 21 May 2011. Provided a brief theoretical background on the dilemma prior to delving into the causes of absenteeism and the costs of unscheduled absences in the workplace. The concept of presenteeism was likewise discussed concurrent with identification of its effects. The author cited secondary sources to support information on ways to control both absenteeism and presenteeism. The information contained in the article would be useful for the current study as it presented diverse issues that are deemed critical for the current research. The only weakness identified is the failure of the

School Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

School Research - Essay Example To complement these subjects, design & build courses are likewise taught to extend conventional studio conditions in order to make students realize the relationship between design, detailing and construction. After browsing the website, I particularly liked the emphasis given on the School's objective of having well-rounded students. This means that while students are able to master the rudiments of architecture, they are also given the opportunity to define their specific professional and personal goals. Moreover, there appears to be a balance between the theoretical and practical courses offered. On the down side, I noted that for design & build courses, focus is given on affordable housing and accessible recreation facilities. I think that this somehow limits the potential of students who may opt to design other types of structures. In terms of presentation, the aesthetics is sufficient to capture the interest of readers. However, the wording may still be improved so that readers would easily understand course descriptions. Furthermore, more pictures of actual classroom settings should be posted so that it would be easier to imagine the School's environment.